From the foot of Mount Tai in Taian city, Meng XI Lu pingyi County, linyi city in the company of more than 120 km, speaking of Hony ecological farm Apple driver Zhu Zhijie rose tone, "you've got no idea, other than really".
, Chinese Academy of Sciences plant by researcher, and doctoral mentor Jiang gaoming founded of Hong Yi ecological farm 2006 years landing pingyi Jiang home Zhuang, because Beijing to of teachers and students, and reporter stream, a years Hou, Zhu Zhijie opened has a article pingyi through Taian of route, this years business fire, old wish again added has two car car, "we led has a industry", Deputy driving Shang of Jiang gaoming laugh said.
Not long ago, Jiang gaoming has found one accidentally stumbled into shady willows.
September 2, he in science network of personal blog home page Shang posted out has published in environment education magazine of articles--survey: riddled with of China rural (Xia said survey), Internet times, articles in the big social platform quickly spread from, Hong Yi ecological farm of micro-letter public, first times appeared has single article articles near 500,000 of reading volume, half months on, well-known media also with of published.
Covered by the survey of Jia Zhuang Jiang gaoming Jiang's hometown, he described, have only seen on the ground, for a rigorous scientific workers, it is not even an article perfectly "investigations".
Jiang gaoming through decades of ecological agricultural practices found that is easy to overcome technical and difficult to decipher, is social.
Environmental problems are common today, an article investigating why such attention? Maybe it's just "holes", had more than one home.
Hony eco-farm organic orchards. Gaoming Jiang blog
Hometown survey
September sky in the North, and South is entering the field of endless harvest of the Earth, Cosmos purple-pink swaying flowers all the way, cars, after a smelling is exposed to peanut malt, this seems to be typical, the ideal of rural China.
Gaoming Jiang clearly don't think so.
Road of half are assessment with new pulled out of peanut, black and white two color plastic film abound, half of sun wind blow Hou, still durable of film is directly put peanut tied into bundle of good material, actually, families also are is such do of, "these film certainly is to into cattle belly in of, soil in of on more has", Jiang gaoming meal has meal, "but has been are is such".
Gaoming Jiang on observation at home and not on a whim, on July 13, the survey one: fills the air with the suffocating stench of article first published on his personal blog, within the next 8 days, with each of a series of ten rural survey available, related to water, air, soil, waste, funeral, such as environmental pollution and social problems in rural areas.
In August, the journal of environmental education linked to Jiang gaoming, consolidate ten articles for the survey: "since 2005 ... ... We have witnessed many changes in rural China. Which was a most impressive, this 10-year practice of ecological agriculture, pollution problems in rural China has not changed, but more and more serious. Due to the generally adopted a unnatural modes of production and municipal waste into rural, developed out of industry in backward rural landing, therefore, appears in a variety of pollution in rural areas. This article reflects the issues, we found that the real situation. "
2005 Jiang gaoming, Shandong province has become one of the first "Taishan scholar" Professor, and the following year in July, with Chiang Kai-shek "ecological agriculture" research topic and a research team made up of more than 10 people return home prices contracted by about 40 acres of paddy field, "Hony eco-farm".
He farms strictly implement "six without" principle: no fertilizer, no pesticides, no film, no additives, no herbicides, no genetically modified.
Smart people do stupid things
This year's drought, villagers Jiang Huaijin pond next to the vegetable had accumulated after the rain water, taking advantage of the weekend, he took the pump down, ready to pour water thirsty green onions.
Jiang Huaijin four acres of land off Hong-Yi ecological farm yard 200 meters, standing on tiptoe on the road, through the ups and downs with the wind yumijian, distinguish the two-story house and barn on the farm, over the years, with a PhD Professor Jiang farm come and go, but almost never met two old classmates.
Gaoming Jiang and Jiang Huaijin's classmate from elementary school up to high school, he remembers the Professor Jiang when he was at school, often carrying bag "young cicada" eat in the classroom. After the entrance, two life shocked wanders, failed Jiang Huaijin began working in agriculture, plants gaoming Jiang at the Shandong University Biology Department after graduating, in 1988 and 1993 at the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and received master's and doctoral degrees, and began the study of plants and ecosystems.
"He was smart", Jiang Huaijin laughed, but wise men choose "six without" the way back to farming, more villagers could not understand: "it's not obvious that we must do? "
Jiang Huaijin farming lineage is the most economical, simple and convenient mode of farmer's years of experimental: fertilizers to manure the soil, herbicides can be less manpower, disease prevention of pesticide, plastic film is both water and weed prevention, targets and other farmers in his farm is no different, increased yields are universal standards.
"Health? We all know that (pesticide) for unhealthy, but there was no way, no no. "Jiang Huaijin said.
Can be seen standing on the road leading to the farm, even in the land closest to the yard remains a large roll of white plastic sheeting. Surging News (www.thepaper.CN) reporter for asked has ten about is home field pulled peanut of villagers, they are said even know Jiang Professor of "six without" concept, but farm still without third kind, majority on more "health" of farming way also just laugh laugh: "We also didn't this conditions", and "Shang where lane (organic) fertilizer", and "sold not out Ah", and "didn't people to weed".
No not have what consequences? Gaoming Jiang told media provides a set of data: fertilizer average application rate of chemical fertilizer application in arable of China security line of 1.93 times times, but efficiency was only about 40%; pesticides an average application rate of 13.4 kg/ha, highly toxic pesticide 70%, 60%-70% residue in the soil.
Every year about 500,000 tons of plastic film residue in soil, residual rate of 40%, these films in 15-20 cm soil layer not permeable, breathable poor topsoil, it's hard to be broken down.
Loss of arable land resources, agriculture-intensive population of cases, farmers are very limited on the cultivated land resources in the pursuit of maximum output, the inevitable result is increasing the degree of agricultural chemicals.
In other words, agricultural activities cause direct health damage to farmers is a beginning, then soil pollution and food safety problems is the huge hidden risks. Similarly, to untie this knot of agricultural pollution, you should go upstream from agriculture, and even social structures exploration.
Gaoming Jiang said his ecological agriculture is to seek to break this vicious circle, technically break chemical dependency, structurally change the realities of farmers from their land, establishing a virtuous cycle mode.
Force of nature natural
Ecological restoration experiment in destroying the confidence comes from another.
2000, to curb Sandy trend, national emergency started "Beijing Jin sand source governance engineering", CAs West Office in Xinjiang, and in Inner Mongolia, and Tibet, and Shaanxi, and Sichuan started has five a ecological recovery yan model project, which in in Inner Mongolia started has "Hun good Dake and Beijing North agricultural Mu staggered district degradation ecological system recovery test model research" major subject, Jiang gaoming became Hun good up grams hinterland zhenglan banner yan of head.
Zhenglan banner bayinhushu Gacha (village) has 72 family pastoral 288, 126,000 acres of land, while the Gacha livestock 11566 head. To adjust the sand ecosystem, we must first solve is the wintering of livestock rations, experts from Chinese Academy of Sciences exclosure experiment with severe degradation of the 40,000 acres of land, 1000 acres of planted corn stalks of Red corn as cattle feed, with "yangdi" mode, let the other natural ecosystem to recuperate on the degraded land.
For 10 consecutive years of ecological restoration experiment has a surprising start. In the second year to enclose the grass grows to half man high in the area, which is the scene of even local herders are not seen previously planted to survival of small red, and three years later began to grow naturally.
Within a few years time, bayinhushu restore 40,000 hectares severely degraded Sandy Grassland to 60 levels of the last century, vegetation, and wildlife are starting to come back, Gacha are around the bayinhushu path, some have been severely degraded dunes covered good ground cover.
"With the force of nature natural" has a successful precedent, but farming and grazing, after all, are not the same, from the chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the poor soil on crops?
In fact, through analysis, gaoming Jiang put forward a new agricultural model during this period: "livestock South, birds go north." "Livestock South" that using agricultural District large abandoned of straw raised cattle, then cow dung also field, to organic agricultural gradually replaced chemical agricultural, improve farmers income, this is traditional North pastoral not has of material advantage, Jiang gaoming handy a series digital: "national 1.8 billion acres farmland except production has about 500 million tons food outside, also production has more than 700 million more tons of straw, which of 95% above can through technology into became livestock of quality feed". Hony ecological farm is a concept evolved.
At present, the farm nearly 200 head of cattle, new blue roof of the bullpen can increase number of 1 time in the future. The original "waste", even pollutants, all became part of the production chain.
Feed processing of pictures taken from the Hony ecological farms. Gaoming Jiang blog
Farm inspection data show that in 2007, 20 cm layer of soil organic matter contents in 0.71%, total nitrogen content was 0.058%; in 2014, according to data growth to 2.41% and 0.247%. In addition to increase soil nutrient and organic matter, soil microbes and fauna recovers, we haven't seen earthworms began to return to farmland.
Participants
In contracting of early, Hong Yi farm of crop production does Miss around farmland, this tablets to originally is village of Sun Valley field, production low to even field are is not Shang, but from 2008 began, insisted "six without", and only Shi organic fertilizer of fields, began appeared out has "natural of force" of role, the crop of production gradually Chase flat villagers are of digital.
In the case of severe drought this year, Hony farm peanuts reached 807 kg/MU, far above the surrounding with mulch, fertilizer, pesticide, herbicide methods of production (400-600 kg/acre).
Radio and television station of the three gorges in Yichang, Hubei's Director Xu Yang in April this year to know that Hony eco-farm, rural China found the article titles--directly to the network with 8 years of practice declared Jiang gaoming: ecological agriculture will not be starved people! , But Xu Yang had a doubt: this pattern, would ever be copied to farmers? "If you can, it is the agricultural revolution".
In this way, he traveled to contact Jiang gaoming, and on June 9 to Jiang Jia Zhuang, Xu Yang plans to do a documentary on ecological agriculture, Hony eco farm development of original records.
"My idea is that the reproducibility is the key problem of eco-agriculture technology. Mainstream technology affect Chinese farmers or agricultural technology. Is now provided for very few organic food phase, meaning little; if you want to copy, the future is full of hope. "
Xu Yang Jiang Jia Zhuang, plan to go in October, continue to answer to his default problem. While bias can be broken with facts, but everyone is afraid to talk a success.
Villagers Jiang Qingli in 2014 with Hony ecological farm 20 acres of peanuts planted in cooperation, Hony standards and technologies, provide organic fertilizer and is responsible for later acquisitions, Jiang Qingli, manpower management, "such as the market price of wheat is more than 1, US 3, in short we take all the risk, and they are responsible for species. "Even so, Jiang Qingli is Hong-Yi" farms and farmers "mode is extended to the first, Jiang Jia Zhuang, farming is basically just for their rations, young people go, old people even want to farm the rich, it is difficult to assume ever greater intensity.
September 13 the Hony farm neighboring fields work who only a generation of young people--and her mother-in-law received peanuts. Jiang Jia Zhuang, but thousands village one of the most mundane of hollow.
Social, economic and ecological
But Jiang gaoming's confidence is still sufficient, due 2013 Hony eco-farm shop online, farm products marketing branch opened, from production to sales, "Hony mode" also embarked on a virtuous circle.
Shop Home, Xu Yang documentary produced by an acre of farmland before the notices were placed in 3 minutes. "500,000 sales this year is expected, but drought, can accomplish it is hard to say. "Farm research assistants, as well as introduce shop founder Zeng Yan, now online shop customers accumulate basic purely by word of mouth and acquaintances, don't do the promotion, the only video is a maximum of" advertising ", but even so, the shop's sales have also increased steadily.
Market also boosted the enthusiasm of farmers, added two cooperative farmers are responsible for planting this year selling ginger and wheat crop, just fields of cooperation, 2015 crop size has more than 100 acres. By December, Hong-Yi was established a few years ago, "native planting rural cooperatives", again as soon as "resurrection".
Establishment of China's first "community supported agriculture (CSA)" farm, "yangchadui," Shi Yan Hong-Yi during the 2009 years known for its eco-farm, she also agree with Jiang gaoming's "six without" philosophy.
"The value of an agricultural model should be social, economic, ecological levels measured. "Shi yan said," the point is that (agriculture) did really solve the pain points of the past three issues of agriculture, farmers have benefited, the agriculture has not become more resource-saving and environment-friendly, has not become more rural people return to roots. "
Agriculture not only a model, whether Jiang gaoming is Shi yan acknowledged the view. But Jiang gaoming is also always smiled, Hony model spread fertiliser, pesticide plants definitely comes first infants, and it touches chain of interests would have been unthinkable.
"Hony mainly is innovation in agricultural production, kinds of breeding cycle mode, a learned how technology can let more farmers, may not be Hony model problem, teacher Jiang personally experimented as a scientist, when it comes to agricultural policy and agricultural technology promotion that would require policy changes. "Shi yan road.
Hony farm was founded nearly 10 years ago, Jiang Jia Zhuang 10 peasants in straw, have led 160 cattle, chicken under forest, 30,000 ducks and 300 and even led to Jiang Jia Zhuang village renovation Street 900 m.
In fact, Jiang gaoming, started the test does have support from research funds, is basically self-sufficient in nearly two years, and in difficult times, he was elected as "Tai Shan scholar" 500,000 of allowances into the farm, the maximum input from the Government, is given by 2014, pingyi County animal husbandry Bureau 300,000 cattle subsidies.
"Seems to be so many years first subsidy", Jiang gaoming has told reporters to laugh at themselves. "Attitudes must be supported. "The village Party Secretary Zhou Jinglin recalled," it (the Government) still no real action. "
The Government's action
Back to once a month, pingyi County, Jiang gaoming, September 12, this movement is not small, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Zhu Zhijie Jiang gaoming, car front first came to the farm, hind came to the village and the town's leaders. After the issue of the survey article, local officials may be the first "reader".
Jiang Jia Zhuang belonging to Bian Qiaozhen, and all for the development of cities and towns throughout the country, because here is rich in gypsum has been dubbed the "plaster town" nickname, a honeysuckle Tea Cup on the table, Bian Qiao town Party Secretary Gao Qing used language and talked about in recent years, Jiang gaoming Jiang Jia Zhuang development.
"They will stress", says Jiang gaoming past shadowy "rural" suddenly had a specific point, suddenly appeared in the dark just like a spotlight, no matter what light is, always looking to attract or surprise or doubt.
Beginning in 2014, pingyi "beautiful village" building, village of harden road, along the dazzling Cosmos, is in a rural environment comprehensive improvement measures, pingyi County of "higher level" thing to do.
Bian Qiaozhen Vice Mayor Tang Zhenqiang with the Secretary in charge of agriculture, and his article has its own view of the investigation: "if it was a few years ago, that this article is in line with, now is not the case. "
Mentioned in the first part of this fetid duck farm has been dismantled at the beginning since 2014 after the implementation of the waste disposal of urban and rural integration, pingyi County, under the jurisdiction of rural living rubbish has implemented market-oriented management, household management fee charge 50 Yuan per person per year, every household in front a 240 litre bin, and removal centrally by the sanitation company in the County every day.
In fact, this is the first time I heard strong Tang Zhen "six without", before he thought Hony farm was a PhD student in experimental bases. "The industry can do, but to make 500 acres to 1000 acres, the biggest problem is how to transfer, transfer money, price to now go beyond the contract that year, it would be difficult to bring a face to a point. Also later maintenance, water, organic fertilizers, human resources are issues. "
He bluntly, people value is affordable now, is to make money. Zeng Yan agreed that five years of work on the farm, Hony mode to get the participation of farmers, can only be done first, "textbook", enable farmers to see the feasibility, no matter from what level to promote is in vain, this farm has so far selected acquaintance, high recognition of farmers join causes.
Bian Qiaozhen, the contribution of agriculture to the economy compared with the mining boom is minimal, considering the cost of the initial investment, human and scientific management of the late, Tang Zhenqiang says: "this model to be extended to the whole town, really bad to say. "But he supports Hony farm in Jiang Jia Zhuang make a point," attractions, tourist spot ":" let investors 300.05 billion people see when can I go back to this, if there is a site, drive traffic, investor confidence may be larger. "
In fact, Hony farms has been favored by the investors of all stripes, Jiang gaoming is also kept going it alone, however States: "after the capital, ownership is not in your hands. "But the idea of eco-tourism has become a reality, by year end, farm invest millions of completion of initial site selection single room, meeting rooms, complete facilities such as a kitchen of the antique building, dedicated in honor of people who came to learn, visit and inspect.
Country changes
According to the town leaders, although the "beautiful country" after the implementation of waste management has been effective, but for items such as plastic sheeting, fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, State control is blank at the Government level.
Visible pollution were gone, pollution has not disappeared.
Ministry of agriculture planting Management Division Deputy Director He Caiwen September 20 said, China arable land soil long-term in Asia health status, exists degradation area big, and pollution area big, and organic matter content low, and soil to force low "two big two low" problem, currently China arable land degradation area accounted for arable land total area share up 40% above, specific performance for Northeast black to variable thin, and South soil acidification, and North soil salinization; national arable land heavy metal points bit exceeded rate up 19% above.
Water cannot be separated. 926 people in Jiang Jia Zhuang, villagers described, currently has nearly 70% people to buy spring water to drink, "along the yimeng mountain gold, more than 10 villages on both sides of the River, then is to the river beach to get a drink of water, and every village has a well drink is shallow groundwater. "Jiang gaoming wrote in the survey.
News visit the surging now, Jiang Jia Zhuang of shallow underground water is difficult to play, count on the Gold River, due to upstream to convict the TU duck farms and farms when it doesn't rain, across the bailai meter can smell the stink, and some villagers are reluctant to drink tap water in the town, the main reason is "base is too big".
Gaoming Jiang on the second part of the survey wrote about water pollution, gold, 20 years ago, he also had the look: "summer floods can catch dozens of heavy on the Ford big carp, flat water could also see some fish in shallow water under the quiet, the children can catch shrimp with a strainer." A secondary school located in Nanjing boys education
But after 20 years, bianqiao published by the town of Gold River wetlands provincial park master plan in pingyi (2014-2020), writes under a disadvantage: a North-South strip of wetlands, pingyi bianqiao North and South of the town, surrounding living sewage, nonpoint source pollution, man-made reclamation of wetland resources and erode such interference is serious. In addition, the lack of protection and construction of research facilities.
As early as in the beginning of 21st century, Zhang Lijian, CAs and other experts has raised the concept of agricultural Tri-dimension pollution: triggered by the agricultural system and Foreign, including unreasonable in the production process of pesticide and fertilizer application, farming, manure, farm waste disposal measures, and industrial pollution, agricultural water-soil-living organisms in the system-cross-contamination of the atmosphere.
Public data show the decade from 1997 to 2007, highest average amount of pesticide in Shandong province, reached 157961.7 tons, was 206 times times the lowest application rate in Tibet; as the national vegetable planting base of Shandong film total average is the highest in a decade, with 273127.9 tons, 703 times times that of Tibet.
In 2015, the NPC news at a press conference, Environment Minister introduced Chen Jining, by the end of 2014, the Government has invested 25.5 billion yuan for pollution treatment in rural areas, about 59,000 village governance, benefit a population of 110 million people. By 2015, the agricultural industry has become China's largest non-point source pollution has been exceeded.
Gaoming Jiang left out this time, rural change in China at the moment.
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