In 2015, China's leaders with an unprecedented frequency and appear on the world diplomatic stage. Center issued more and more attention in the international political arena, China voices, China programme. October 1 in the Chinese President's State visit will be Sino-British bilateral relations as "comprehensive strategic partnership oriented to the 21st century global." "Global" term position in China and the relations between big powers for the first time, this word changed precisely identifies the transformation and upgrading of China's diplomacy. Looking at the footprints of China's diplomacy this year, both layout and planning, thought and philosophy, and the style and grace, are already showing a Chinese-style "global diplomacy" in embryonic form. Nantong selling breakfast cafeteria employees
Chinese-style "global diplomacy" layout and operation
In 2015, has 42 days for visiting Chinese President, XI Jinping, visited 14 countries attended the Summit 9 times, in different occasions, held talks with the leaders of major countries in the world are met. This frequency is unprecedented for the Chinese leaders, it is reflected from one aspect of Foreign Affairs in China's political agenda components increased significantly, leaders marked increase in interest in Foreign Affairs and energy, this is a diplomatic upgrade performance.
Seen from the layout of a visit to the country and attend the Summit, it's hard to use traditional "power is the key" "peripheral is the first" "is the Foundation of developing countries" and "multilateral stage," this kind of thinking to China what is the diplomatic focus.
After hovering over a period of time, China's diplomatic strategy apparently has started to exceed what is power is more important than the surrounding important barriers, more from a "take the initiative, scan the world" vision to eject submunitions.
As relying on the strategy of "along the way" initiative is part of a major service in the surrounding interconnection and open plan to go global and domestic to the West and point a line built up a large area. As proposed by Professor Wang jisi, this kind of thinking can be summed up as "first, second, third, China '." That is, between land and sea right; between North and South, bridging the developed countries and the development of China.
Visit to the United States to the East, stability in the basic structure of a new type of relations between China and, through "along the way" the ability to expand to the West, and United States "return to Asia" strategy. One of the highlights of China's diplomacy this year is "along the way" on the remote bear unexpected fruit in Europe and United Kingdom as a fulcrum lever the lever with the traditional power relations. United Kingdom kicked out not only in Western powers joined the Asian Investment Bank "executing our feet", also announced during a State visit of Mr XI to become "best partner of China in the West."
Visit has not only become a "super State visit", also led to German and French ambassadors on the Union in the people's daily issued a document called "the German law is at the core of EU partners", German and French leaders have visited China.
Central and Eastern Europe 16+1 also rely on "along the way" received new impetus, Europe's relations with the countries of the subregion goes hand in hand, gave birth to the arrival of new honeymoon for China-EU relations.
Two visits to the North Russia, realized mutual visits to attend other activities to commemorate World War II, strengthened in International Affairs and maintain strategic cooperation of the postwar international order, mutual support of major positions.
The Chinese President also visited Kazakhstan, and Belarus, and held a second meeting of the heads of Russia and Mongolia. Kazakhstan "along the way" the pillar, early harvest of the Sino-Kazakh cooperation capacity have a demonstrative effect. By Ufa Summit and Zhengzhou meeting Prime Minister, achieving full coverage with the exchange of visits by the Eurasian countries, stable situation in the North.
"South-South" and "North-South" the pair in the Chinese diplomatic words seems to be quiet in a moment of revival in the leader's speech and practice. With the growth of foreign resources and capacity, upgrade in China and "the South" partnerships in developing countries, leaders have repeatedly stressed that China is still a developing country member.
By the Asian-African Conference, commemoration of the Bandung Conference and China-Africa Summit gave "South-South" and "North-South relations," the new connotation of the times, and South-South cooperation round table, organized jointly with the United Nations. And this the first collector of selected developing countries, visited Pakistan to consolidate the first "bar of iron", both India's Prime Minister to enhance mutual trust; final game chose two of the continent's countries Zimbabwe and South Africa. Upward in the South, facing the South China Sea issue, visit to Viet Nam, and Singapore, to attend Summit in Indonesia, the Philippines, and adhere to the bottom line at the same time seek to defuse the dilemma the South China Sea through dialogue.
Chinese diplomacy has shown global strategic layout and application awareness and ability, foreign layout, more autonomous, more flexible and more robust. The consciousness and ability of outstanding performance in the area of global governance, made more sound and more programmes in China, take on more responsibility in China.
China of international order views, and global governance views, and regional cooperation views gradually forming, through United Nations 70 annual Summit, and G20 Summit, and APEC Summit, and climate changes Summit, and Shang collection Summit, and BRIC Summit, and Central African Summit, and Asia non-Summit, and Boao Asia Forum, and World Internet Assembly and in the pulled cooperation forum, and 16+1 Summit, multilateral occasions system proposed and explained, get increasingly growth of attention and response.
Especially in the area of global financial systems, China not only gradually won the right to reform initiatives and voice, also through banks, BRIC created opens up new countries formed first at the regional multilateral financial and development institutions, by joining the International Monetary Fund SDR and the European Bank for reconstruction and development, integration with the existing multilateral financial system and docking, realize the transfer of economic and financial power of peace and balance.
Also on the Standing Committee of the global governance structure for collective learning and global governance issues, the highest leadership is fully aware of the global and regional levels and the international system and the reform of the international rules and the construction of the importance of the right to speak and the right of initiative.
Chinese-style "global diplomacy" idea and concept
Transformation and upgrading of China's diplomacy not only on a practical level, the Chinese Government and leaders have made new diplomatic thoughts and ideas. These thoughtful contributions not only at the level of guiding China's diplomatic practice, and has risen to the thinking and planning of global order and human destiny.
In 2015, China's leaders in the international arena for more systematic interpretation and practice of China's new diplomatic concept. We can summarize it as "human fates" as the core values of the world, "a new type of international relations" as the core concept of international order, "new justice" as the core concept of international responsibility.
From the beginning of the Boao Forum for Asia to six months after the United Nations Summit, the Chinese President described in the past presented more systematically on the basis of the three core ideas.
Is a proposed five-in-one "human fates": building equality, mutual understanding and partnership; create a fair justice, sharing security pattern; seek open innovation, inclusion and mutual development prospects; facilitate the Exchange and for civilizations different, eclectic; eco-system to build respect nature, green development.
Second, proposed "a new type of international relations" the two paths: among the major powers, or conflict, not confrontation, mutual respect, cooperation and win-win; large and small, to equal treatment, practice the correct viewpoint, and righteousness, and righteousness is more important than profits.
Third, define more precisely "new view" and righteousness, righteousness is more important than profits, defined this new exposition place greater emphasis than in the past to assume international responsibility and moral dimensions.
In addition, XI Jinping described the Paris climate summit China advocated and programmes put forward in the world Internet Conference on construction of "interoperability, shared governing cyberspace community of destiny", leading the discourse and rule-making in those areas to.
"Human fates" five-in-one concept is not only to the international order and concept of value, China has become the path to the development of bilateral relations and regional governance framework, five-in-one stereo diplomatic pattern has taken initial shape.
Reform and opening up until early this century, contents of China's diplomacy is diplomacy for economic construction and develop political relations with two legs. Around the year 2010, with the success of the Olympic Games and the World Expo, China's cultural self-confidence grows, cultural diplomacy, China's diplomacy has the three characteristics.
This administration pay more attention to cultural exchanges and leaders during his visit to a hands-on approach to promote, not only in bilateral talks in specific communication for plans, Congress, universities, think-tanks, the Chamber of Commerce speech, communicating with young elite, published an article in the mainstream media, and arranged for a variety of cultural and sports activities, and unique Lady diplomacy plays an irreplaceable role.
New trends of China's diplomacy this year is in the area of security governance began to play a more active role. A new beginning in four-wheel-drive of China's diplomacy in Africa. XI President first in United Nations Summit Shang announced has series further participation peacekeeping action of programme, including established 1 billion dollars of peace and Development Fund, formed 8000 people of peacekeeping standby forces, to non-au provides 100 million dollars free military assistance,, zhihou and in Central African Summit Shang proposed "Central African peace and security cooperation plans", to non-au provides 60 million dollars free assistance, active participation African peacekeeping capacity construction.
In addition, China has also moved to strengthen coordination with the major powers in the area of peacekeeping, both sides agreed to explore the possibilities for international peace cooperation mechanism. It can be predicted that China has played in regional and global security governance role than ever before.
Fifth dimension that strengthening solidarity and coordination in International Affairs, the BRICs, Central Africa, Asia, Africa, frameworks have been reflected and relations with developing countries.
"The new view of" philosophy and practice is a major feature of China's diplomacy this year, "South-South" being prominent. The United Nations Summit, China-Africa Summit in China as global focused portrayal of international responsibility. XI Jinping at the United Nations Summit announced the establishment of South-South cooperation fund, exempt debt of least developed countries, to provide "6 100" project, a series of initiatives made at the China-Africa Summit "ten plan", China's unprecedented levels of foreign aid.
"Global diplomacy" idea is also reflected in the "overall domestic and international situations." First, the body co-ordinating foreign strategy and domestic reform and development, which is mainly reflected in "along the way" and directly linked to the new round of reform and opening up in the Midwest, as well as internal and external linkage promotion of the free trade area. Second, China development of success experience and concept is produced spills effect: full built society "five bit one" of strategy layout outside of to China on "human fate community" and international order of idea, Thirteen-Five of "innovation, and coordination, and green, and open, and shared" of concept in diplomatic in the get promotion using, "to rich, and first road" of experience be interconnected exchange of origin, China in reduction poverty, and industrialization, and agricultural modern, and based facilities construction, and People experience more welcome and learning in developing countries. China's successful experience after 2015 and concepts are integrated into the United Nations development agenda and the 2030 target of sustainable development.
Chinese-style "global diplomacy" style and grace
In 2015, China's diplomacy more global diplomatic temperament, more assertive, atmospheric and express themselves freely, enrich the diplomatic style, personalization features become more pronounced.
Bilateral relations focus more on contacts and informal leaders meeting. XI Jinping, with President Barack Obama during the President's visit to the United States was called "autumn gatherings at the White House," heads of the third informal dialogue, exchange of the two heads of State, during his visit about 9 hours. Sino-Russian mutual visits by heads of State to attend World War II commemorations, and meetings on international occasions. Univwersity with Mr Cameron at the country house for up to 4.5 hours of talk, common to small-town bar and drink beer, eat fish and chips. India's visit to China beginning from XI ' an, continued diplomatic leaders hometown story. During the China-Africa Summit, two collective see you soon more than more than 30 African leaders. Through breakfast and other forms of intensive meetings during a visit to Vietnam Viet Nam senior party, stressed the traditional friendship between the two parties. Vietnam and France have all realized the Supreme Leader visits during the year.
China also has a historical sense. Solemn commemorating 70 anniversary of victory of the anti-Japanese war and anti-fascist war, attended by leaders and representatives from 60 countries and organizations, maintenance of orthodoxy of the post-war order, issued against reinstating Forte. Commemorating 70 anniversary of the Bandung Conference, the United Nations, given the spirit of Bandung, South-South cooperation and North-South cooperation and China-Africa friendship, historical heritage with a new significance. Civil and friendly people and groups in Pakistan issued the "five principles of friendship Award", in Russia and Belarus meets particularly World War II veterans of the war and awarded a commemorative medal made diplomacy more human. Foreign words and content appear more and more in the traditional Chinese culture of inspiration and wisdom, full of confidence and tolerance.
Meanwhile, China's diplomacy is more pragmatic, efficient, extremely elegant. Whether it be bilateral talks or international conferences have made or announced concrete, specific floor plans, and stresses that the implementation of follow-up and early harvest. Bilateral relations with a number of countries developed a long-term plan, with more than 20 countries have signed "along the way" docking in cooperation agreements. Iran nuclear, Syria play a practical role in the negotiations and come up with real-world scenarios.
Leaders in visits and international conferences more confident, frankly facing the South China Sea, history and other sensitive issues, does not avoid conflict, offered to China's positions and settlement of claims. Leaders such as Chinese President visits rhythm close, pragmatic and efficient, 3 days when the July visit to Russia to attend the 25 events, held 7 Summit.
Diplomacy at home more meaningful, to speed up the process of internationalization. China in the past tend to choose the International Conference held in Beijing, Shanghai, 2015 's major diplomatic events and international meetings began to disperse to Xian, Zhengzhou, Hefei, Suzhou, Wuzhen and other places in 2016, the G20 Summit will be held in Hangzhou. Richness increases from the side of Foreign Affairs showed that China's overall internationalization process.
In 2015, a Chinese-style "global diplomacy" prototype has appeared. As an emerging power, the willingness and ability of global diplomacy, including internal means of support, resources, personnel, supplies, institutional mechanisms and other aspects may have a long way to go, but we can already see the pace of diplomatic stability, China Zhiyuan.
About the author (Fudan University, France, Deputy Director, Research Center)
