The 21st century business Herald more than 70 cities plan to build high speed

Photo: vision China

"Just take a trip, the next bus (afternoon) 4:02. "Dual 11-day East Texas Station fog and haze, after listening to the site manager is the answer, more than 10 passengers got off the high-speed rail, only to wait more than 20 minutes in the cold wind.

Shandong dezhou station, the high speed rail station not far from the left hand is the transit point, fastest by RER train from Jinan to here just 26 minutes, and the time of waiting for the bus. Coupled with the high speed rail station to travel to ten kilometres outside the city, time enough for the high-speed train round trip.

Just like Texas, high speed rail station in many domestic cities farther away from the main urban area, at least a few kilometers, more than 10 km. Around the rail station and the land between the station and the main city, and become the preferred urban expansion. Around the high speed rail station, Metro area begin planning and construction, some cities even planning several high speed rail Metro.

China has entered a period of rapid urbanization, 2014 urbanization rate reached 54.77%, compared with the previous year by 1.04%. As urbanization levels rise, all large and medium cities "urban disease" begins, traffic congestion is particularly annoying. In addition, for local governments, with China's soaring real estate prices in previous years, land finance become the main source of revenue in many places.

Land finance and solve the problem of old urban ills under the combined driving, construction of new town development have launched. High-speed rail Metro area in this wave have sprung up, accompanied by new modes of transport and travel and appear, people believe that high-speed rail can break the old pattern of regional economy, pinning their hopes on economic benefits new high-speed rail, thereby promoting the development of the local Metro area.

However, in waves of high-speed rail started construction of new towns at the same time, its environment is changing, as China's economy into the new normal in many places downside pressure, reduced revenues, and this investment a heavy rail Metro cast a shadow over development prospects.

In a new development environment, how the high-speed rail city development? Or high-speed rail Newcastle is where new economic growth points, was dragged into the quagmire of debt of local governments?

High-speed rail development boom

Each time the transport revolution will lead to changes of the times, especially trains, as the saying goes, "when the train, a ton of gold", Shijiazhuang, and like "train" of the city.

With the construction of high-speed rail lines, and people are looking forward to a new era, new era of high-speed rail.

Sitting on high speed rail, from Beijing to Shanghai for less than 5 hours, to Hebei cities in less than 2 hours, to Jinan was less than 2 hours. In ways that were unthinkable before, if there are no high-speed trains, train travel time will be doubled and even several times.

Now, not to mention the deep North Canton these first-tier cities, many smaller cities have also opened high-speed rail, has formed a nationwide "four vertical and four horizontal" high-speed rail network. In addition to the national backbone network, high rail network on the basis of, in the planning and construction of inter-city railway, extending high-speed rail antenna.

At present, the planning and construction of inter-city railway, including the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, the Bohai region,, Zhongyuan urban agglomeration of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, Wuhan City Circle, Cheng-Yu economic area, Guanzhong city group, the channel West Bank economic zone and jaw area and the ecological economic zone of Beibu Bay area, Lake, Central Yunnan province, etc.

HSR affects the way people travel, has an impact on other modes of transport, the greatest impact is the civil aviation industry. High-speed rail opening area, serious loss of aviation customers, some airlines had been suspended or even cancelled.

"With the improvement of people's incomes, high-speed rail ticket prices even higher, but with respect to air fares, time, high-speed rail has been accepted by more and more people, and has become a transportation tool. "Zhou Yaodong Vice President of Beijing Jiaotong University, school of Economics and economic branch on the 21st century business Herald said.

With the perfection of a high-speed rail network, people used to worry about attendance also improved. According to the railway company from China in October this year, has 21 high-speed railway, average load factors of more than 80%, Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity railway and South-wide high-speed rail is above 90%.

Of course, synchronized with the high-speed rail site opening is the planning and construction of high-speed rail Metro area. Operational end of 2009 Wuhan and Changsha had already played widely the concept of new towns attracting, is based on advantages of South railway station of Changsha. 2011 opening of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is creating a number of high-speed rail Metro, high-speed rail Metro began setting off a construction boom.

According to incomplete statistics of the 21st century business Herald reporter, will and have already begun planning, building high-speed rail Metro area has more than 70 employees, mainly in Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces. High-speed construction of Metro East Central and Northeast more less in the West.

HSR reshape the regional landscape

Gave birth to a large number of high-iron city-building impulse is that hope in many places with high speed rail on regional patterns of rewriting to find new opportunities for development, seems to be high-speed Metro is the goose that can lay golden eggs in the fairy tale, really the truth?

From the perspective of regional economy, can affect the flow of factors, changing the location of means of transport, will also have a regional patterns of change. Rail speed increase greatly shorten the travel time, travel radii of extension of the people, to speed up the free movement of the population, a factor.

For some once-inaccessible cities, high speed rail opened, people here easier, enhances these areas can be reached, and conducive to the promotion of regional. A case study of Baoding, starting from the Beijing West railway station, rail 40 minutes, which Beijing capital of non-functional communication and facilitate the transfer. Compared to Beijing, Baoding, salary, location, housing costs are very low, Baoding high-tech zone in Beijing, one of the three or four minutes is the best rental, low staff salaries, relocation of companies over almost all of the costs will be significantly reduced.

High-speed rail elements conducive to population free movement to many places, traffic means business opportunity, business opportunities have the potential to develop. Because with the increase of passenger flow, people's needs to be met, the most basic is the food service, restaurant can be found in most of the high speed rail station. In addition to outside the restaurant, there are a variety of consumer shopping needs, such as featured products, souvenirs, etc. Further expansion in demand, that is, accommodation, leisure, entertainment, residential, business and other needs, the high speed rail station has been unable to meet alone, hence the demand for high-speed rail Metro.

Changsha train station area integrated management integrated management office Vice Minister Xie Jianjiao on 21st century business Herald reporters, South Station is currently the average daily passenger flow at about 150,000 passengers in Changsha, peak passenger traffic during the national day Golden Week reached 189,000 people. Changsha station West Plaza of the passenger flow pressure, split East Plaza has begun construction.

For the development of individual regions, high-speed traffic location changes only one aspect of local development also rely on resource endowment, industrial structure and level of development, in addition to scientific and technological research and development capabilities and funding and other factors will also affect its development. High-speed rail can magnify a region's development, and magnify its weakness makes cities population, capital and other factors have an advantage over more rapidly gathered in major cities.

State development and Reform Commission, the national development and economy Institute of xiaojincheng told the 21st century business Herald press, high-speed rail opening is an opportunity, but the effect is different in different cities and big cities, and the leading role of medium and small cities is not obvious. In addition, unlike the railways can bring about the fundamental change of the location, the city which gave birth to a number of train, high-speed rail as an alternative means of transport, and passenger-oriented, so it is unlikely to bring much change to the location.

Insufficient coupling efforts to gain traction

In the economy into a new normal, a lot of downward pressure on the local economy and financial pressures under which high-speed Metro area construction wave fade down.

Of course, there are other factors. One of the more critical is the sluggish real estate market, in addition to the first-tier cities, nearly all other cities, home prices decline. It intends to rely on the high-speed rail city to improving land revenues for local governments, is tantamount to tackle.

In addition, factors such as population ageing, exodus, but also for many prospects for high-speed rail in the area of new town development and lay a big question mark. For is still in the planning of the line's Metro says, has started construction are at greater risk, even some experts considered it unfinished.

Due to the high speed rail station further away from the main urban area, at least a few kilometers, more than 10 km. In addition to high-speed rail Metro, Metro and old town of the district is also considering how to be led radiation, this is a great investment for construction of city, it is difficult to achieve development in the short term. Difficult to develop in the short term, means that high-speed rail between the new town and the old town's infrastructure, public services infrastructure bottlenecks and disjointed. Because high-speed Metro lack of service facilities, the area's popularity is difficult to gather in the short term, makes high-speed slow development of the new town, or have the potential to become empty.

In Jinan West station, surrounded by many buildings are under construction, and is circled by walls landmark 518 meters with constant international financial centers, also see the main building on the ground. Prices here have fallen, now around six thousand or seven thousand Yuan, three thousand or four thousand cheaper than downtown, even if that sentiment remains high, and half see a figure on the street. Taxi driver living in near Xu on the 21st century business Herald said, there's usually one scarce, schools, hospitals and shopping malls around less, people are running into the city.

Counselor of the Shandong provincial government, Shandong CPPCC Standing Committee, Shandong jianzhu University Professor Deng Xiangchao on 21st century business Herald said, Jinan West station area begins to take shape, but the inadequate infrastructural facilities and industries, related facilities and industry to further mature, Jinan will become a new economic growth point. If the economy were gathered to a certain degree also produces radiation, radiation to Qufu, Jining and liaocheng, Taian, and other places.

Jinan based on Gao Tiexi station to build high-speed rail town, high iron region and University City District and West metro. High-speed rail Metro location is the city center, Qi and the new portal, planning 26 square kilometers, the target population at 350,000. However, when West Rail Metro has not developed, and proposed the construction of a new East stand, when Shi Ji, too blue passenger intercity railway will pass through and Shandong new high speed rail station.

Jinan East railway station not only new triage station part of the tourist, city development it will also, more importantly it is close to the airport, the Jinan West station and high-speed rail would be a powerful new competition, while building two high-speed rail is a challenge for new town in Jinan financial.

Also in Shandong, East Texas Station in addition to a lot of features not enabled integrated transport hub, but it is hard to see any other supporting facilities, empty bus transfer point, behind the glass, can also see a lot of offices are empty. Just before the high speed rail station area is not fully developed, let alone high-speed rail was the construction of new towns, the high speed rail station is Woods and fields.

High-speed Metro new rules of the game

For small and medium cities, high-speed Metro to any serious benefit blind construction instead of going back to the city with a crippling debt burden. For big cities, too, but expected better due to the large urban rail Park development, industrial clusters easy, so no obvious financial pressure.

In addition, outside big urban rail Park, in addition to industry, but more importantly is to strengthen links with regional cities and urban agglomerations, so as to promote the development of radiation throughout the region.

In Changsha, high-speed Metro projects are work and fight for before the end of the construction is complete, high-speed Metro CMC is also listed. The high-speed rail city, located in the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Beijing-Shanghai, Shanghai-Kunming railway interchange, planning a total area of 46.9 square kilometers, according to the land use, residential and 1/4 at the top, followed by road transport, green space, business services and public services. The high-speed rail planning population size of about 500,000 people, and one Wuhan-Guangzhou metro-area population of more than 320,000. It layout 6 large industry groups, including CBD, casual living, Convention and exhibition business.

Changsha city CPPCC members told the 21st century business Herald reporter Jiang Yuelong, high-speed Metro near the airport and old town, can the stress of old town with population and development industry. At present, high-speed Metro rely mainly on market operation, attract bigger investors, developers are building.

Changsha, Changsha rail construction of new town development is based on rail transportation group, Metro now advance key projects including the South Station East square, International Conference and Exhibition Center in Changsha, Changsha medium and low speed Maglev projects 5. Only those projects with a total investment of 13 billion yuan, and the Changsha financial revenue was 100.308 billion yuan last year, and revenue pressures large medium and small cities, it would bring a lot of debt.

Yuelong River, Changsha's financial strength in the national rankings, and developed private economy in Changsha, the financial burden is not heavy, at least for high iron burden of Changsha city, the construction of new towns will not be.

In addition, as well as Jinan, Changsha rail Metro's long-term goal is to promote regional development. It is positioned as a regional open demonstration area, based in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, driving the development of Hunan province, to lead Central.

In Foshan, Guangdong, high-speed Metro play a step further, focus not just rail Metro, but looking at a higher level on the high-speed economic belt. It proposed relying on the West hub in Foshan City core, Nanhai district in Foshan City as the main build high-speed economic cooperation of Guangdong and Guangxi and Guizhou Yan (Guangdong). The high-speed economic zone across the three provinces, including the cities along Guangxi's Nanning, Guilin, Guiyang, Guizhou, Guizhou province, more than 10 cities such as Guangzhou and Foshan in Guangdong Province.

Foshan City Nanhai district Vice Secretary Liu Tao said, through the complementary collaborative innovation, to create new momentum for regional cooperation, Yue Gui Qian joint planning of high-speed economic zone plan, is a dividend for the pursuit of high-speed rail. The high-speed economic zone will focus on creating high quality Pan-PRD cooperation platform, industry resources, science and technology, culture and other fields to carry out extensive cooperation to achieve regional cooperation of mutual benefit and win-win.

Of course, in the economic and industrial level has not reached a certain level, on high-speed economic belt is the lap of luxury, building high-speed rail Metro is more likely to become traps in the development of medium and small cities, leaving a desolate empty ghost town. China News weekly disarmament opened the curtain

International experience and reference

Development trend of high-speed Metro new, but it still needs to be established on the basis of a real development in the region. Different levels of development and industry structure in the Eastern Midwest, so high-speed trains can be very large differences in the construction of new towns, blind investment will only make it into a development trap.

High-speed rail is still a new thing for China, short development time, while France and Japan, the use of high-speed rail and construction of more, including what we may learn from.

In France, high-speed train known as TGV, is the abbreviation of the French high speed train. Construction of the first South-East TGV line Paris to Lyon line, 1981 begins operations, also included the Atlantic line, Eastern Mediterranean line, has become a high-speed rail network.

"Big city Lyon TGV site and developed transportation network, many company offices in Paris to move to Lyon, would not have to squeeze in Paris, Lyon, on the economic effects of such a big city is beyond doubt. There are smaller cities like Bordeaux, and when there is no opening of TGV, just include it in the plan, there are many enterprises are well prepared for the move to Bordeaux. "France national railways subsidiary AREP's Asian General Manager Daniel Claris on the 21st century business Herald reporters TGV can obviously attract a lot of investment, Office, can well define a city's development.

However, unlike most of China's high-speed railway station built in a location away from the city centre, France's TGV site in the city center, people can take the TGV from City Center quickly arrived at the city center, no need to change, so the French high-speed rail concept relatively unfamiliar in the new town.

"No country in Europe has no high-speed rail concept in the new town, which is a concept in China. All European train station, whether it is a crossing station or terminal, must be the core of the city. "Involved in a lot of China's high-speed rail Metro Planning and construction of the AREP China General Manager Jiang Xingxing to the 21st century business Herald reporters, HSR mentioned the word Metro is a bit out, so why not combine back to original infrastructure and high-speed rail development? A lone station outside the city, how big is this investment? To a waste of resources?

Of course, China and France of the difference of urbanization level in China is still in the stage of urbanization, France had crossed over the stages of urbanization, there has been a phenomenon of counter-urbanization. Therefore, France cannot by TGV to sprawling cities, build high-speed rail in China town, both urbanization needs of local development impulses.

Station really going to bring underdeveloped regions to develop? Japan Shinkansen experience, this does not seem to set up.

Based on the study of construction with the day, in the development of new sites along the route, can be divided into three categories, namely the use of both rail hub station connected to the new route, as well as in urban areas near the new site, and later from urban settings to a new site. Last category is more like high speed rail station in China, and its intent is to promote regional activities through the Shinkansen, but due to the surrounding facilities did not keep up, flows stagnated, local governments in tax revenue under limited circumstances, does not have enough funds to develop the surrounding area, failure cases.

"From Japan's experience, it is hoped that the new route led development of the Kansai region, results after pass Kansai business workers more to gather in Tokyo and counterproductive. "Xiaojincheng believes that high-speed rail is a major trend in big cities the opportunity to share it with more people, faster development in big cities, this may be a lot of people don't want to see or think about, but it's possible that this is a trend.

Source: the 21st century business Herald

Original title: more than 70 cities plan to build high-speed rail Metro popularity or become an empty city

Last updated: 11/23 08:45